{"id":40414,"date":"2025-01-13T15:51:24","date_gmt":"2025-01-13T15:51:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pakistanintheworld.pk\/live\/?p=40414"},"modified":"2025-01-13T16:03:08","modified_gmt":"2025-01-13T16:03:08","slug":"balancing-global-development-chinas-response-to-economic-over-securitization","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/pakistanintheworld.pk\/live\/balancing-global-development-chinas-response-to-economic-over-securitization\/","title":{"rendered":"&#8220;Balancing Global Development: China\u2019s Response to Economic Over-Securitization&#8221;"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><b><span lang=\"EN-GB\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-40416\" src=\"https:\/\/pakistanintheworld.pk\/live\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/China-Economy-USA.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"317\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pakistanintheworld.pk\/live\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/China-Economy-USA.jpg 500w, https:\/\/pakistanintheworld.pk\/live\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/China-Economy-USA-300x190.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/>Asad ullah Khan: Editor by Dr Talat Shabbir<br \/>\n<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p><em><span lang=\"EN-GB\">Pak China Study Center @ Istitute of Strategic Studies Islamabad ISSI <\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><b><span lang=\"EN-GB\">President Xi Jinping held an important meeting with the leaders and representatives of major international economic organizations in Beijing on December 10, 2024.<a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/mail.issi.org.pk\/?_h=3ddd78f560035edaf901595e44c262cc67495ce9a0664d341d5c6bf4d0dd7e52#MTY4MDQ4MDBfMTY3Nzk5MzFfMjkzMTk_0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" name=\"m_911419828091282716__ftnref1\" data-saferedirecturl=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/mail.issi.org.pk\/?_h%3D3ddd78f560035edaf901595e44c262cc67495ce9a0664d341d5c6bf4d0dd7e52%23MTY4MDQ4MDBfMTY3Nzk5MzFfMjkzMTk_0&amp;source=gmail&amp;ust=1736866136237000&amp;usg=AOvVaw3DiG4lCiB7dhdjMMgzweWf\">[1]<\/a> In this meeting, President Xi stressed the importance of &#8220;economic security&#8221; as the world has entered a phase of turbulence and change. <\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"EN-GB\">He emphasized that in pursuing economic security, cooperation, solidarity, and win-win outcomes should become the defining theme of our time. President Xi highlighted that China has consistently promoted international cooperation and multilateralism through major international economic organizations and supported the development of Global South countries. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"EN-GB\">He stated that China is committed to shaping an equal and orderly multipolar world, fostering universally beneficial economic globalization, and building a just world of common development.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"EN-GB\">In this backdrop, the <strong>Shanghai Institutes for International Studies (SIIS)<\/strong> also launched a report in September 2024 titled, <i>The Global Challenge of Economic Over-Securitization and China\u2019s Response.<a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/mail.issi.org.pk\/?_h=3ddd78f560035edaf901595e44c262cc67495ce9a0664d341d5c6bf4d0dd7e52#MTY4MDQ4MDBfMTY3Nzk5MzFfMjkzMTk_1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" name=\"m_911419828091282716__ftnref2\" data-saferedirecturl=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/mail.issi.org.pk\/?_h%3D3ddd78f560035edaf901595e44c262cc67495ce9a0664d341d5c6bf4d0dd7e52%23MTY4MDQ4MDBfMTY3Nzk5MzFfMjkzMTk_1&amp;source=gmail&amp;ust=1736866136237000&amp;usg=AOvVaw1lHSPzg8vNjQb8rgeZOnjJ\"><b>[2]<\/b><\/a><\/i> The report distinguishes between the concepts of \u2018economic security\u2019 and \u2018economic over-securitization\u2019. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"EN-GB\">It explains that economic security is a critical pillar of national security, serving as a cornerstone of resilience against external risks and a means to promote internal development. This ensures a path to common development under economic interdependence. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"EN-GB\">In contrast, economic over-securitization involves linking economic issues with politics, military considerations, ideology and so on. The report warns that economic over-securitization can lead to market segmentation, inefficient production, and economic conflicts\u2014practices China opposes in its global relations.<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"xHPyEFQEGf\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/pakistanintheworld.pk\/live\/pakistan-in-the-world-aug-sep-2024\/\">Pakistan in the World \u2013 Aug \/ Sep 2024<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"&#8220;Pakistan in the World \u2013 Aug \/ Sep 2024&#8221; &#8212; Pakistan In the World\" src=\"https:\/\/pakistanintheworld.pk\/live\/pakistan-in-the-world-aug-sep-2024\/embed\/#?secret=uBvsrbg5S3#?secret=xHPyEFQEGf\" data-secret=\"xHPyEFQEGf\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><em><strong><span lang=\"EN-GB\">The report categorizes the concept of economic security into four stages:<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ol start=\"1\" type=\"1\">\n<li><b><span lang=\"EN-GB\">As a structural element of national security:<\/span><\/b><span lang=\"EN-GB\"> Economic security is as important as military security, with both directly linked and mutually dependent.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b><span lang=\"EN-GB\">State as the main actor:<\/span><\/b><span lang=\"EN-GB\"> In implementing economic security, the state maximizes its national security through economic diplomacy and relations, fostering mutual benefit in interactions with other states.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b><span lang=\"EN-GB\">Manifestation in strength and sovereignty:<\/span><\/b><span lang=\"EN-GB\"> Economic security is reflected in a state\u2019s overall strength and ability to compete in international economic activities to enhance comprehensive national security.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b><span lang=\"EN-GB\">Policy implementation:<\/span><\/b><span lang=\"EN-GB\"> Through policies and strategies, states ensure resilience and mitigate external threats to economic stability.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><span lang=\"EN-GB\">China\u2019s economic resilience is evident in its recent performance. By Q3 2024, China\u2019s GDP reached RMB 94,974.6 billion (US$13,004.3 billion), growing by 4.6% year-on-year.<a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/mail.issi.org.pk\/?_h=3ddd78f560035edaf901595e44c262cc67495ce9a0664d341d5c6bf4d0dd7e52#MTY4MDQ4MDBfMTY3Nzk5MzFfMjkzMTk_2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" name=\"m_911419828091282716__ftnref3\" data-saferedirecturl=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/mail.issi.org.pk\/?_h%3D3ddd78f560035edaf901595e44c262cc67495ce9a0664d341d5c6bf4d0dd7e52%23MTY4MDQ4MDBfMTY3Nzk5MzFfMjkzMTk_2&amp;source=gmail&amp;ust=1736866136237000&amp;usg=AOvVaw2baxTvZQvTTYlxiwzs3bce\">[3]<\/a> The industrial sector grew by 5.8%, driven primarily by high-tech manufacturing, while significant improvement was also observed in the services sector, including information technology and business services. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"EN-GB\">However, challenges remain in the real estate sector due to weak consumer demand. Total imports and exports reached RMB 32.33 trillion (US$4.43 trillion), up by 5.3% year-on-year, with exports rising by 6.2%.<a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/mail.issi.org.pk\/?_h=3ddd78f560035edaf901595e44c262cc67495ce9a0664d341d5c6bf4d0dd7e52#MTY4MDQ4MDBfMTY3Nzk5MzFfMjkzMTk_3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" name=\"m_911419828091282716__ftnref4\" data-saferedirecturl=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/mail.issi.org.pk\/?_h%3D3ddd78f560035edaf901595e44c262cc67495ce9a0664d341d5c6bf4d0dd7e52%23MTY4MDQ4MDBfMTY3Nzk5MzFfMjkzMTk_3&amp;source=gmail&amp;ust=1736866136237000&amp;usg=AOvVaw1DxfaVNIVzJ7t-Pm0t3dac\">[4]<\/a> These figures underscore China\u2019s commitment to strengthening its national security by prioritizing economic security.<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"VGCaAuj3l1\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/pakistanintheworld.pk\/live\/pakistan-in-the-world-june-july-2024\/\">Pakistan in the World \u2013 June\/July 2024<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"&#8220;Pakistan in the World \u2013 June\/July 2024&#8221; &#8212; Pakistan In the World\" src=\"https:\/\/pakistanintheworld.pk\/live\/pakistan-in-the-world-june-july-2024\/embed\/#?secret=RvzJEjfVmn#?secret=VGCaAuj3l1\" data-secret=\"VGCaAuj3l1\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"EN-GB\">In the wake of intensifying major-power competition, the concept of economic security is expanding, evolving into &#8220;economic over-securitization&#8221; driven by protectionism and economic nationalism among others.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"EN-GB\"> This phenomenon entails framing economic issues as security concerns, including reshoring industries to reduce dependencies, forming exclusive supply chain alliances, restricting sensitive technologies and talent flows, and imposing protectionist trade measures. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"EN-GB\">Such practices undermine trade liberalization and globalization, threatening economic stability and cooperation. In response, China emphasizes openness, reform, and leveraging its market size to counter tariff barriers and foster international collaboration.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"EN-GB\">The report also highlights the risks associated with the dominance of the U.S. dollar in the global financial system, including sanctions and market instability, prompting calls for a diversified international monetary system.<a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/mail.issi.org.pk\/?_h=3ddd78f560035edaf901595e44c262cc67495ce9a0664d341d5c6bf4d0dd7e52#MTY4MDQ4MDBfMTY3Nzk5MzFfMjkzMTk_4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" name=\"m_911419828091282716__ftnref5\" data-saferedirecturl=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/mail.issi.org.pk\/?_h%3D3ddd78f560035edaf901595e44c262cc67495ce9a0664d341d5c6bf4d0dd7e52%23MTY4MDQ4MDBfMTY3Nzk5MzFfMjkzMTk_4&amp;source=gmail&amp;ust=1736866136237000&amp;usg=AOvVaw2D0mOzk9Y3oohBgYhV2AMY\">[5]<\/a> Additionally, it discusses the misuse of export control measures by major economies, particularly the U.S. and EU, targeting emerging technologies and dual-use goods under the guise of national security.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"EN-GB\"> These measures disrupt global trade dynamics. Furthermore, the report examines over-securitization in investment regulations, such as barriers to foreign investments and outbound screening, which undermine trust, disrupt international economic norms, and challenge multilateral cooperation. The authors urge nuanced approaches to balance national security with global economic interdependence.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"EN-GB\"><strong>In addressing the challenges posed by economic over-securitization,<\/strong> China focuses on a balanced strategic economic security approach. This strategy per ports to balance market size, systematic risks, and confrontational dynamics in the global economic competition system. Through the Global Development Initiative (GDI), China aims to optimize foreign economic cooperation.<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"8ojSaTwdyD\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/pakistanintheworld.pk\/live\/pakistan-in-the-world-feb-2024\/\">Pakistan in the World \u2013 FEB 2024<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"&#8220;Pakistan in the World \u2013 FEB 2024&#8221; &#8212; Pakistan In the World\" src=\"https:\/\/pakistanintheworld.pk\/live\/pakistan-in-the-world-feb-2024\/embed\/#?secret=BhCgPmdSiF#?secret=8ojSaTwdyD\" data-secret=\"8ojSaTwdyD\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"EN-GB\"> The GDI supports the achievement of all 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) under the 2030 Agenda by revitalizing global development partnerships and promoting stronger, greener, and healthier global development.<a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/mail.issi.org.pk\/?_h=3ddd78f560035edaf901595e44c262cc67495ce9a0664d341d5c6bf4d0dd7e52#MTY4MDQ4MDBfMTY3Nzk5MzFfMjkzMTk_5\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" name=\"m_911419828091282716__ftnref6\" data-saferedirecturl=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/mail.issi.org.pk\/?_h%3D3ddd78f560035edaf901595e44c262cc67495ce9a0664d341d5c6bf4d0dd7e52%23MTY4MDQ4MDBfMTY3Nzk5MzFfMjkzMTk_5&amp;source=gmail&amp;ust=1736866136237000&amp;usg=AOvVaw18DkkNqjZzhrwDTu01XZ-t\">[6]<\/a> This initiative also strengthens China\u2019s foreign policy to safeguard its interests against external political and diplomatic pressures.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"EN-GB\">Additionally, under its &#8220;New Capacity Cooperation&#8221; strategy, China is restructuring its foreign economic cooperation frameworks. This involves enhancing trade relations and investment mechanisms with developing nations to reduce dependencies on developed economies. The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) exemplifies this approach, diversifying partnerships, expanding infrastructure development, and creating a resilient global economic network.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"EN-GB\">To address external challenges, China has implemented structural changes to boost internal economic resilience. Key initiatives include targeting income inequality, improving consumption dynamics, and ensuring financial stability to build robust domestic markets capable of withstanding international volatility. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"EN-GB\">Monetary policy adjustments and efforts to integrate domestic and international financial systems, such as the internationalization of the RMB, are critical components. Cross-border renminbi receipts and payments reached 39 trillion yuan (US$5.4 trillion) in the first three quarters of 2023, up 24% year-on-year.<a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/mail.issi.org.pk\/?_h=3ddd78f560035edaf901595e44c262cc67495ce9a0664d341d5c6bf4d0dd7e52#MTY4MDQ4MDBfMTY3Nzk5MzFfMjkzMTk_6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" name=\"m_911419828091282716__ftnref7\" data-saferedirecturl=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/mail.issi.org.pk\/?_h%3D3ddd78f560035edaf901595e44c262cc67495ce9a0664d341d5c6bf4d0dd7e52%23MTY4MDQ4MDBfMTY3Nzk5MzFfMjkzMTk_6&amp;source=gmail&amp;ust=1736866136237000&amp;usg=AOvVaw2wDZDY4UsSfUUhDyjO3SFy\">[7]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"EN-GB\">Finally, China\u2019s strategy in global governance advocates inclusive, transparent systems to counter excessive economic securitization. Through multilateral organizations like BRICS and regional partnerships, China aims to foster a cooperative environment that counters restrictive measures such as trade protectionism and discriminatory practices in high-tech and critical resource sectors. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"EN-GB\">The tussle between the impulses of economic security and economic over-securitization is likely to intensify as the world braces for a new Administration in the U.S. For the vast majority of countries, especially in the Global South, a balanced approach would be more desirable, i.e. recognizing the imperative of economic security and dealing with the challenges of over-securitization. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><em><strong><span lang=\"EN-GB\">It remains to be seen how practical and feasible it would be to adopt a middle path, anchored in efforts to insulate economic interdependence from the deleterious effects of geopolitical conflicts.<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<div>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"m8G3And65x\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/pakistanintheworld.pk\/live\/pakistan-in-the-world-jan-2024\/\">Pakistan in the World \u2013 JAN 2024<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"&#8220;Pakistan in the World \u2013 JAN 2024&#8221; &#8212; Pakistan In the World\" src=\"https:\/\/pakistanintheworld.pk\/live\/pakistan-in-the-world-jan-2024\/embed\/#?secret=NgZFbJNXVi#?secret=m8G3And65x\" data-secret=\"m8G3And65x\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<hr align=\"left\" size=\"1\" width=\"33%\" \/>\n<div>\n<p><a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/mail.issi.org.pk\/?_h=3ddd78f560035edaf901595e44c262cc67495ce9a0664d341d5c6bf4d0dd7e52#MTY4MDQ4MDBfMTY3Nzk5MzFfMjkzMTk_7\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" name=\"m_911419828091282716__ftn1\" data-saferedirecturl=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/mail.issi.org.pk\/?_h%3D3ddd78f560035edaf901595e44c262cc67495ce9a0664d341d5c6bf4d0dd7e52%23MTY4MDQ4MDBfMTY3Nzk5MzFfMjkzMTk_7&amp;source=gmail&amp;ust=1736866136237000&amp;usg=AOvVaw2oa33n_CwPwDlBxQHlPrGH\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\">[1]<\/span><\/a><span lang=\"EN-GB\"> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u201cPresident Xi Jinping Meets Leaders of Major International Economic Organizations Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People\u2019s Republic of China.\u201d Accessed December 31, 2024. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fmprc.gov.cn\/eng\/xw\/zyxw\/202412\/t20241210_11541743.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-saferedirecturl=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/www.fmprc.gov.cn\/eng\/xw\/zyxw\/202412\/t20241210_11541743.html&amp;source=gmail&amp;ust=1736866136237000&amp;usg=AOvVaw0koGamZL1EdLula2hrqiRJ\">https:\/\/www.fmprc.gov.cn\/eng\/<wbr \/>xw\/zyxw\/202412\/t20241210_<wbr \/>11541743.html<\/a>. <\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p><a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/mail.issi.org.pk\/?_h=3ddd78f560035edaf901595e44c262cc67495ce9a0664d341d5c6bf4d0dd7e52#MTY4MDQ4MDBfMTY3Nzk5MzFfMjkzMTk_8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" name=\"m_911419828091282716__ftn2\" data-saferedirecturl=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/mail.issi.org.pk\/?_h%3D3ddd78f560035edaf901595e44c262cc67495ce9a0664d341d5c6bf4d0dd7e52%23MTY4MDQ4MDBfMTY3Nzk5MzFfMjkzMTk_8&amp;source=gmail&amp;ust=1736866136237000&amp;usg=AOvVaw1jJ_Pxo9lfloRX4yDeremC\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\">[2]<\/span><\/a><span lang=\"EN-GB\"> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Youjun Hen, Lei Xue, Xiaoming Pan, Lixiao Jiang, Yu Ye, Yuzhu Wang, Zhongmei Wang, \u201cThe Global Challenge of Economic Over-securitization and China\u2019s Response&#8221; Shanghai Institutes for International Studies, Volume 34, Sep 2024. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.siis.org.cn\/updates\/cms\/cms\/202411\/190927217600.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-saferedirecturl=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/www.siis.org.cn\/updates\/cms\/cms\/202411\/190927217600.pdf&amp;source=gmail&amp;ust=1736866136237000&amp;usg=AOvVaw3b6hotxgqMBUO6-_QPgCVs\">https:\/\/www.siis.org.cn\/<wbr \/>updates\/cms\/cms\/202411\/<wbr \/>190927217600.pdf<\/a> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p><a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/mail.issi.org.pk\/?_h=3ddd78f560035edaf901595e44c262cc67495ce9a0664d341d5c6bf4d0dd7e52#MTY4MDQ4MDBfMTY3Nzk5MzFfMjkzMTk_9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" name=\"m_911419828091282716__ftn3\" data-saferedirecturl=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/mail.issi.org.pk\/?_h%3D3ddd78f560035edaf901595e44c262cc67495ce9a0664d341d5c6bf4d0dd7e52%23MTY4MDQ4MDBfMTY3Nzk5MzFfMjkzMTk_9&amp;source=gmail&amp;ust=1736866136237000&amp;usg=AOvVaw1VF3B8RHmqTgjohZZRBRTS\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\">[3]<\/span><\/a><span lang=\"EN-GB\"> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 China Briefing News. \u201cUnderstanding China\u2019s Key Economy Indicators for Q3 2024,\u201d October 24, 2024. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.china-briefing.com\/news\/understanding-chinas-key-economy-indicators-for-q3-2024\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-saferedirecturl=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/www.china-briefing.com\/news\/understanding-chinas-key-economy-indicators-for-q3-2024\/&amp;source=gmail&amp;ust=1736866136237000&amp;usg=AOvVaw1e27T6q1-oIx_yaLJtsmub\">https:\/\/www.china-briefing.<wbr \/>com\/news\/understanding-chinas-<wbr \/>key-economy-indicators-for-q3-<wbr \/>2024\/<\/a>. <\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p><a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/mail.issi.org.pk\/?_h=3ddd78f560035edaf901595e44c262cc67495ce9a0664d341d5c6bf4d0dd7e52#MTY4MDQ4MDBfMTY3Nzk5MzFfMjkzMTk_10\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" name=\"m_911419828091282716__ftn4\" data-saferedirecturl=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/mail.issi.org.pk\/?_h%3D3ddd78f560035edaf901595e44c262cc67495ce9a0664d341d5c6bf4d0dd7e52%23MTY4MDQ4MDBfMTY3Nzk5MzFfMjkzMTk_10&amp;source=gmail&amp;ust=1736866136237000&amp;usg=AOvVaw22qyMi3SPwqjDGLgspfs-C\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\">[4]<\/span><\/a><span lang=\"EN-GB\"> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ibid<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p><a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/mail.issi.org.pk\/?_h=3ddd78f560035edaf901595e44c262cc67495ce9a0664d341d5c6bf4d0dd7e52#MTY4MDQ4MDBfMTY3Nzk5MzFfMjkzMTk_11\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" name=\"m_911419828091282716__ftn5\" data-saferedirecturl=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/mail.issi.org.pk\/?_h%3D3ddd78f560035edaf901595e44c262cc67495ce9a0664d341d5c6bf4d0dd7e52%23MTY4MDQ4MDBfMTY3Nzk5MzFfMjkzMTk_11&amp;source=gmail&amp;ust=1736866136237000&amp;usg=AOvVaw0zsOmF7AkMqTiXwbWLnvHx\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\">[5]<\/span><\/a><span lang=\"EN-GB\"> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Youjun Hen, Lei Xue, Xiaoming Pan, Lixiao Jiang, Yu Ye, Yuzhu Wang, Zhongmei Wang, \u201cThe Global Challenge of Economic Over-securitization and China\u2019s Response&#8221; Shanghai Institutes for International Studies, Volume 34, Sep 2024. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.siis.org.cn\/updates\/cms\/cms\/202411\/190927217600.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-saferedirecturl=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/www.siis.org.cn\/updates\/cms\/cms\/202411\/190927217600.pdf&amp;source=gmail&amp;ust=1736866136237000&amp;usg=AOvVaw3b6hotxgqMBUO6-_QPgCVs\">https:\/\/www.siis.org.cn\/<wbr \/>updates\/cms\/cms\/202411\/<wbr \/>190927217600.pdf<\/a>\u00a0 <\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p><a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/mail.issi.org.pk\/?_h=3ddd78f560035edaf901595e44c262cc67495ce9a0664d341d5c6bf4d0dd7e52#MTY4MDQ4MDBfMTY3Nzk5MzFfMjkzMTk_12\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" name=\"m_911419828091282716__ftn6\" data-saferedirecturl=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/mail.issi.org.pk\/?_h%3D3ddd78f560035edaf901595e44c262cc67495ce9a0664d341d5c6bf4d0dd7e52%23MTY4MDQ4MDBfMTY3Nzk5MzFfMjkzMTk_12&amp;source=gmail&amp;ust=1736866136237000&amp;usg=AOvVaw32iE4-uQ7ac7wsTGoumFW2\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\">[6]<\/span><\/a><span lang=\"EN-GB\"> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u201cGlobal Development Initiative-Building on 2030 SDGs for Stronger, Greener and Healthier Global Development | Department of Economic and Social Affairs.\u201d Accessed December 31, 2024. <a href=\"https:\/\/sdgs.un.org\/partnerships\/global-development-initiative-building-2030-sdgs-stronger-greener-and-healthier-global\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-saferedirecturl=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/sdgs.un.org\/partnerships\/global-development-initiative-building-2030-sdgs-stronger-greener-and-healthier-global&amp;source=gmail&amp;ust=1736866136237000&amp;usg=AOvVaw2ndqjdG7ygu73Vu4dXSaqV\">https:\/\/sdgs.un.org\/<wbr \/>partnerships\/global-<wbr \/>development-initiative-<wbr \/>building-2030-sdgs-stronger-<wbr \/>greener-and-healthier-global<\/a>. <\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p><a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/mail.issi.org.pk\/?_h=3ddd78f560035edaf901595e44c262cc67495ce9a0664d341d5c6bf4d0dd7e52#MTY4MDQ4MDBfMTY3Nzk5MzFfMjkzMTk_13\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" name=\"m_911419828091282716__ftn7\" data-saferedirecturl=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/mail.issi.org.pk\/?_h%3D3ddd78f560035edaf901595e44c262cc67495ce9a0664d341d5c6bf4d0dd7e52%23MTY4MDQ4MDBfMTY3Nzk5MzFfMjkzMTk_13&amp;source=gmail&amp;ust=1736866136237000&amp;usg=AOvVaw2Yfo_SYCCvhb0j5bhBUpID\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\">[7]<\/span><\/a><span lang=\"EN-GB\"> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 CGTN. \u201cChinese Renminbi Internationalization Progresses Steadily.\u201d Accessed December 31, 2024. <a href=\"https:\/\/news.cgtn.com\/news\/2023-11-08\/Chinese-renminbi-internationalization-progresses-steadily-1oyIGUOiFSU\/p.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-saferedirecturl=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/news.cgtn.com\/news\/2023-11-08\/Chinese-renminbi-internationalization-progresses-steadily-1oyIGUOiFSU\/p.html&amp;source=gmail&amp;ust=1736866136237000&amp;usg=AOvVaw1lwgUgVMEKNXwA8_XTdMaT\">https:\/\/news.cgtn.com\/news\/<wbr \/>2023-11-08\/Chinese-renminbi-<wbr \/>internationalization-<wbr \/>progresses-steadily-<wbr \/>1oyIGUOiFSU\/p.html<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Asad ullah Khan: Editor by Dr Talat Shabbir Pak China Study Center @ Istitute of Strategic Studies Islamabad ISSI President Xi Jinping held an important meeting with the leaders and representatives of major international economic organizations in Beijing on December 10, 2024.[1] In this meeting, President Xi stressed the importance of &#8220;economic security&#8221; as the [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":40416,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[100],"tags":[54,1438,283,143,649,251,2065,58,6582,1526,122],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pakistanintheworld.pk\/live\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40414"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pakistanintheworld.pk\/live\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pakistanintheworld.pk\/live\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pakistanintheworld.pk\/live\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pakistanintheworld.pk\/live\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=40414"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/pakistanintheworld.pk\/live\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40414\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":40423,"href":"https:\/\/pakistanintheworld.pk\/live\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40414\/revisions\/40423"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pakistanintheworld.pk\/live\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/40416"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pakistanintheworld.pk\/live\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=40414"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pakistanintheworld.pk\/live\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=40414"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pakistanintheworld.pk\/live\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=40414"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}